The Effects Of Alcohol Consumption On Gender And Mate...

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. But does perception of beauty change when and individual consumes alcohol? This age old question has been studies over the past decades to understand the consequences of alcohol consumption, gender and mate selection. In their research, Abbeele et al. aimed to explore the relationship of alcohol consumption and rating of attractiveness. The participants consisted of heterosexual social alcohol consumers that conducted an attractiveness-rating task. It was discovered that individuals that consumed low doses of alcohol were perceived as more attractive than sober individuals. It was also suggested that increased skin redness and decreased skin lightness was correlated with greater attractiveness in low†¦show more content†¦This study consisted of eighty undergraduate students who volunteered to be a part of the study. It was discovered that significant alcohol consumption resulted in increased ratings of attractiveness of opposite-sex faces. Chen et al. aimed to study the beer goggle effect, that attractiveness level of individual’s increases as consumption of alcohol increases. Chen et al. discovery consisted with Jones et al. and it was shown that after participants consumed alcohol they rated individuals faces as more attractive. It was also pointed out that initial attractiveness was important and future increase in attractiveness depended on the initial attractiveness. This study also showed that alcohol also increases the perceived attractiveness of other stimuli such as landscapes, and it is not just limited to faces. Jones et al. conducted a study in the United Kingdom to measure the effect of alcohol consumption and attractiveness. This study consisted of eighty undergraduate students who volunteered to be a part of the study. It was discovered that significant alcohol consumption resulted in increased ratings of attractiveness of opposite-sex faces. The age old question of does higher alcohol intake affect perceived attractiveness in the opposite sex was studied by Parker et al. It was found that increased alcohol consumption resulted in participants rating of attractiveness. It was also found that in male’s participants rating of

Essay on Gay marriage - 827 Words

Critical Review - Gay Marriage â€Å"Unnatural† Sheldon L, 1996, Gay Marriage â€Å"Unnatural†, USA Today, USA. Homosexual marriage is one of the old but controversial issues around the world. Compared to the past, it seems to become a more open debate among people. At the same time, people seem to be more swayable than before, but towards the gay marriage, different voices have still been hovering in the air. Gay people and their supporters have been striving for their rights to get married legally, while others who against gay marriage have never stopped deterring it. Strongly against gay marriage is the central theme of Louis P. Sheldon’s article Gay Marriage â€Å"Unnatural†. According to the author’s views, gay marriage is ‘unnatural’, and†¦show more content†¦The numbers he presented seem attractive and persuasive, but it is worth noting that no source has been provided for them, so readers do not know how trustworthy they are. In my view, it would be more convincing for example to try referencing the data in his claims like the quoted above as well as the gay people’s average income is twice higher than that of non-gay people in America, and his figures will not be questioned. The author of this article can therefore be criticised here for a lack of citation of sources to back up his views. Another questionable aspect of this article is its hidden premises. Although the author does not openly state that the marriage should be generational, otherwise they should get divorce, this could be understood from the authors’s statement that gay marriage is â€Å"not generational†. While marriage is not only about generating offspring but also means love. It is an insulting claim for the couples who in love but unfortunately could not have children might because fertility problems, health issues, over age, their chosen life style of Dink family, so do they have to separate with each other just because of that? Is it really the essence of marriage? I do not think so. In my view, whether to have kids or not in couples’ marriage lives, it is a matter that couples, including gay couples need to consider and judge not by other irrelevant people, and it should not be an excuse to despoilShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1850 Words   |  8 Pages what it means to be a gay man – even if that is not the language that always would be used to describe homosexual behavior in a given place and time. In the United States, gay marriage has been legalized in all 50 states by a federal court ruling, but many Americans do not realize that there is still a long way to go in terms of embracing gay citizens (and the rest of the LGBT community) into the â€Å" societal norm.† Despite the strides that have been taken to legalize marriage for same sex couples,Read MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1848 Words   |  8 Pageswholly ashamed of. Gay marriage is legal in all 50 United States, something that has been fought for since the conception of the LGBT movement. In fact, gay couples are routinely being featured on popular television and other forms of media. Some might say that in 2016, the dreams of the rioters in Stonewall have been realized. Marriage rights and the spotlight on nighttime television; equality seems to truly be right on the horizon. If one is a white, cis, gay man, that is. Gay women are featuresRead MoreThe Supreme Court Ruling On Gay Marriages893 Words   |  4 PagesIts time for me to share my opinion and perspective regarding the Supreme Court ruling on gay marriages. Forewarning, this post will be long because I have more than just an opinion to express, but rather a story to tell which will enlighten anyone who chooses to read this as to what my true perspective and opinion regarding gay marriages. (and gay people in general as a Christian) A few months ago I faced a difficult time in my life. I was homeless and I had nowhere to stay with my newborn babyRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Accepted And Respected932 Words   |  4 Pagesopen-minded. The rise in the LGTB movement has allowed people to openly express their sexuality without being discriminated against. Although homosexuality has become more socially acceptable, some states still have anti-gay laws and there are numerous individuals who believe that gay marriage is harmful and unnatural. Hozier’s â€Å"Take Me to Church,† Demi Lovato’s â€Å"Really Don’t Care† and Macklemore’s â€Å"Same Love† demonstrate society’s discrimination of homosexuals and why homosexuality should be accepted andRead MoreThe Tragedy of Gay Marriage1757 Words   |  8 PagesWorst Thing About Gay Marriage† presents an interesting argument against gay marriage that hinges upon maintaining a traditional form of marriage. He act ually claims that gay marriage is â€Å"unnecessary†(381). According to Schulman, there are 4 primary effects of marriage within his definition he calls the kinship system. First, marriage protects and controls a woman’s sexuality. Second, the possible pairings are limited by the kinship system to avoid incest or other taboos. Third, marriage creates a situationRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage1464 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is one of the oldest, passed down traditions since the beginning of time. As humanity evolves through generations, traditions change, but the act of choosing your partner stays the same. For an example, not until President Barack Obama was in office, gay marriage was unacceptable. When President Obama announced that gay marriage was legal, that was a moment in history that will never be forgotten. The process of marriage continues to be the same, but each generation has been going outRead MoreGay Marriage And Gay Rights2550 Words   |  11 PagesComp II 8 May, 2015 Gay Marriage and Gay Rights For years there has been a debate on gay marriage and gay rights in America. Often government keeps pushing the issue back, or refuses to partake in the debates and discussions on whether or not this type of union is â€Å"legal† in the United States. My hope with this paper is to prove that gay marriage is not in fact unconstitutional, but that there is a right to freedom for everyone, no exclusions. When it comes to gay marriage, there seem to be a numberRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage Essay3392 Words   |  14 PagesWell it is 2007, and we are still dealing with the issue of gay marriage being good, and not good for America. Now maybe in 20 years gay marriage will be legal in each state, and this issue will be over. However, I deal in reality. And reality tells me the idea of two men frotting inside a home with children, frankly makes people sick to their stomachs. I prefer women, but I think what two grown people do in their bedrooms is their private moral, and legal business. Just like a straight couple thatRead MoreGay Marriage1280 Words   |  6 Pagesburrows, but flamboyantly celebrate their identities. The gays are now a people willing and ready to be heard. It has come to all of our attentions that in the light of marriage they have been depraved and deceived. Homosexuals cannot allow this persecution to continue, as they are constantly forfeited equal rights. The arguments are of lifestyle differences and the legalized discrimination of these people. It encompasses same-sex marriage as a cause worth fighting and defending so that we all mayRead MoreGay Marriage1041 Words   |  5 PagesCompare-Contrast Synthesis 10/11/2013 English 111x Gay Marriage Gay marriage is a topic that is heavily debated in this day and age. Whether or not it should be legal for homosexuals to get married is a theme that authors Andrew Sullivan, who wrote â€Å"For Gay Marriage† and William J. Bennett, who wrote â€Å"Against Gay Marriage† use in there articles. The main points the authors both discus is the meaning of marriage itself, the social impact same sex marriage will have on society, and the influence on children

Essay on The Wife of Bath by Geoffery Chaucer - 1019 Words

The Wife of Bath nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Wife of Bath, or Alison, is a worldly woman. Not only has she traveled the world, she has experienced the world, in the sexual manner. Alison herself states this at the beginning of her tale, â€Å"Were there no books at all on the subject, my own experience gives me a perfect right to talk of the sorrows of marriage . . . I’ve married five husbands . . . .†(Chaucer 174). The point of Alison’s long-winded prologue is to crush the idea that men have a hierarchy of dominance over women. Chaucer makes this point, and also the point, through Alison’s tale, that if women are given what they want, then they will be obedient and faithful to their men. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The worldliness of†¦show more content†¦At this notion, the Pardoner, another one of Chaucer’s characters, asks why he should even wed if his wife is going to control his body. Alison quickly replies that he should listen to her tale before he makes judgements about the â€Å"gift† that women have. Now Alison begins her tale. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alison tells the tale of a knight in King Arthur’s Court who rapes a beautiful young maiden out of lust. The knight is sentenced to be decapitated. However, the queen and other ladies of the court ask Arthur to give the knight one chance to save himself, and being obedient to the wifely counsel, Arthur agrees. The knight may live, if within one year he can come back to the court and tell them what women want most in the world. Alison continues her tale, telling all of the different answers that the knight receives, such as sex, money, flattery, and even remarriage. Not thinking that any of these answers are true he continues on. Nearing the end of his journey, the knight spots a group of women dancing in the woods, but when he gets to where they were they have vanished and all that remains is an ugly old woman. The old woman ask if she can help and the knight tells of his predicament. The old hag says that she knows the answer and offers to help only i f the knight pledges himself to her. Returning to the court, the knight gives his answer to the women. The knight replies that whatShow MoreRelated The Wife of Bath by Geoffery Chaucer Essay696 Words   |  3 Pages Analysis of the Wife of Bath nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, Chaucer starts his prologue with the description of twenty-nine people who are going on a pilgrimage. Each person has a different personality that we can recognize from the way people behave today. He purposely makes The Wife of Bath stand out more compared to the other characters. â€Å"In the â€Å"General Prologue,’ the wife of bath is intentionally described in an explicit way to provoke a shocking response† (BlackmanRead More Womens Themes in The Wife of Bath by Geoffery Chaucer Essay2244 Words   |  9 Pages Geoffery Chaucer wrote his legendary Canterbury Tales in Medieval times when women were considered as servants to their husbands and powerless. This was a time where church and state were one entity and in the church’s eyes women were supposed to be gentile and and virtuous. Sexuality and education of women was condemned by the church and state. The clothing during that time also represen ted the ideals of that time. Their skirts were long and ankles were never to be shown naked in public. YoungRead MoreBeowolf, The Art of Courtly Love, and The Wife of Bath and 810 Words   |  4 Pagesthe hierarchy by the hierarchy, whom the lower and middle class were supposed to look up to. This brings the question, who were the real heroes? What even was a hero during this time? Was it a real thing, or were heroes just a work of fiction? Geoffery Chaucer was a king’s yeoman, esquire, and a messenger. This allowed him to meet a variety of people from across the globe, as well as those of nobility. This allowed him to write a story that accurately captured different people’s personalities, whichRead MoreReality of Human Nature Hidden Behind the Canterbury Tales Essay1460 Words   |  6 Pagesmentally, people are much alike than they think. This links into Geoffery Chaucer’s work, â€Å"The Canterbury Tales†. Chaucer tells his readers that his main purpose of the book is to reveal his belief on what causes people to misbehave. The argument is that the reason why people tend to act up is because of human nature. Chaucer hints this idea throughout the tales. Some of them that help prove Chaucer’s fact to be true are: â€Å"The Wife of Bath Tale† and her version of living day-by-day with different husbandsRead MoreWife of Bath vs. the Pardoners1251 Words   |  6 PagesCharlott e Stern Period 6 March 30,2012 Wife of Bath vs. The Pardoners Geoffery Chaucers The Canterbury Tales is an example of an extremely complicated and wondrous piece of fictional work. The main story lines plot is a contest between a diverse group of pilgrims on their way to Thomas Beckets shrine. in order to win the contest the pilgrim must tell â€Å"tales of best sentence and moost solaas,†, which means the stories must be filled with moral and entertainment to win the feast. EvenRead MoreRole of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight and The Wife of Bath’s Tale1651 Words   |  7 PagesIn the Middle Ages, the roles of women became less restricted and confined and women became more opinionated and vocal. Sir Gawain and The Green Knight presents Lady Bertilak, the wife of Sir Bertilak, as a woman who seems to possess some supernatural powers who seduces Sir Gawain, and Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Wife of Bath Prologue and Tale, present women who are determined to have power and gain sovereignty over the men in their lives. Th e female characters are very openly sensual and honest aboutRead MoreLiterture Final Exam Notes1143 Words   |  5 Pages wyrd: fate; destiny Canterbury Tales CT pilgrimage was from London to Canterbury. 31# travelers were to tell 4# stories each on the journey. Purpose was ______________________. Characters from CT: Wife of Bath, Knight, Miller, Pardoner, Parson, Host of the Tabard Inn. †¢ Wife of Bath: gap-toothed woman; had 5 husbands; wears red; handsome; confident †¢ Knight: a gentlemen who represents chivalry and honor †¢ Miller: red-head, braen with no brains, cheats on the grain scales; tells tavern

Drosophila Melanogaster Is The Model Animal Of Choice Essay

The drosophila melanogaster is the model animal of choice due to the fact that they have a short reproduction time. They are sexually active after only two days of emerging from their casing. They then mate and can lay up to hundreds of eggs which take about a week to hatch. This makes them easy test subjects that way different generations can easily be studied. They are inexpensive and require a simple diet of carbohydrates and proteins. They are about 3mm in size, therefore they can easily be seen without a microscope. Drosophila have about 75% of homologues genes of humans this can cause better understanding of mutations that are found. Due to the fact that Drosophila are insects some aspects of the humans can’t be understood. Drosophila melanogaster is the perfect choice for the specific experiment stated because of the many genes that are present and because they have a short life span it is easy to get many offspring in a short amount of time. The genes can ea sily be deleted or moved throughout the embryo of the melanogaster. The experiment also calls for visual effects and with the model organism used one could clearly examine the effects. Due to the quick reproduction cycle of the drosophila melanogaster if a mistake is made and the experiment has to start over then one would not have to wait a long time before there is new offspring to experiment on. Drosophila have approximately 17,000 genes. Of these genes are the segmentation genes which are used toShow MoreRelatedBio X Make Up Work1560 Words   |  7 Pagesediting has been demonstrated to be necessary for proper development and function, but its role is not well understood. The first paper, â€Å"Cis Regulatory Effects on A-to-I RNA Editing in Related Drosophila Species,† compares Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA Editing between two Drosophila species: D. melanogaster and D. sechellia. The primary interest of this study is the regulation of RNA editing and whether this regulation is determined predominantly by cis sequences close to the editing site or moreRead MoreRapid Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Mapping1859 Words   |  8 Pagesmapping is that it has not just been used in C. elegans. Other model organisms including, Drosophila melanogaster have been used for this technique (Hoskins et al., 2001). Various scientists have made numerous changes to SNP mapping methods. These improvements have made SNP mapping a strong and efficient procedure for identifying and cloning a particular gene of interest in various organisms. Technique Methodology The model organism of choice for this study was C. elegans. In order to begin mapping aRead MoreAging And Its Effects On Humans Essay1949 Words   |  8 Pagesanti-aging effects on humans have been found. When we age, our body’s nutritional needs change. We tend to absorb nutrients less efficiently, which requires a higher intake of vitamins and minerals. Also, as we age, we start noticing how dietary choices from the past start to affect us when older (cancer, heart disease, metabolic syndrome and neural degeneration). Scientists have documented that when individuals age, body composition change as well (St-Onge). Studies found that adipose tissue increasesRead MoreA Brief Look at Genome Editing2848 Words   |  11 Pageswithin their respective taxonomic group (Urnov et al., 2010). A technique known as genome editing was originally used on Drosophila melanogaster promises to expand this capability to cells and entire organisms virtually any species. Genome editing enables well-organized and accurate genetic modification through the induction of double-strand breaks in a specific genomic sequence of choice; this is followed by the generation of desired changes during subsequen t repair of the broken DNA. One way of doingRead MoreThe Physiological Effects of Spaceflight5829 Words   |  23 Pagesprotection of many vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs. Furthermore, the system serves as a complex lever system those scientists are only beginning to be able to model. Scientists at Johns Hopkins University a full-featured biomechanical simulator for the human musculoskeletal system in which the adaptable anatomical models including prosthetic implants and fracture xation devices and a robust computational infrastructure for static, kinematic, kinetic, and stress analyses under varying boundaryRead MoreCell Biology Final Essay30093 Words   |  121 PagesName: _Leroy Johnson __________________________________ Date: ______________Comprehensive Study Guide. Test will only be Multiple choice 1. The feature that most clearly separates eukaryotes from prokaryotes is the presence of _______ in eukaryotic cells. A) ribosomes B) oxidative phosphorylation C) DNA molecules -D) a nucleus 2. Cytoplasmic organelles are - A) absent in prokaryotic cells; present in eukaryotic cells. B) present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellsRead MoreThemes in the Study of Life5755 Words   |  24 Pagessystems are functionally integrated. †¢ Biologists are beginning to complement reductionism with new strategies for studying whole systems. ââ€"‹ The ultimate goal of systems biology is to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system’s parts. ââ€"‹ Successful models allow biologists to predict how a change in one or more variables will affect other components as well as the whole system. †¢ The systems approach enables scientists to pose new kindsRead More Human Genome Project Essay4868 Words   |  20 Pagesa high resolution genetic map of the human genome; (2) production of a variety of physical maps of all human chromosomes and the chromosomes of selected organisms; (3) determination of the complete sequence of human DNA and of the DNA of selected model organisms; (4) development of the capabilities for collecting, storing, distributing, and analyzing the data produced, and (5) creation of appropriate technologies necessary to achieve these objectives (Pearson and Sà ¶ll 1991). Rapid technological

Operations Management London Zoo and Nottimham Castle Case Study Free Essays

string(77) " number of visitors can fluctuate greatly depending on the time of the year\." In today’s information age, it is important for businesses to take advantage of the available avenues to reach out to customers and potential customers. Tourist attractions such as London Zoo, and Nottingham Castle, are no exceptions of being in the age of constant information flows. These places want to attract visitors with their facility layouts and overall experiences, and to improve upon what they already have, they would need to optimize their products through well planned operations management. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management London Zoo and Nottimham Castle Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now When one thinks of a zoo and a historic museum, it is very natural to think of both places as tourist attractions, but what they offer the visitors could be very different. The London Zoo offers patrons the experience of interacting with animals that we would otherwise have very little chances of seeing, while the Nottingham Castle brings the visitors back in time and allows them to feel and see the history. The zoo needs to attract people with their animal collections, while the Nottingham Castle needs to intrigue visitors with their well laid out tours, guides, and interesting historic facts. The purpose of this report is to describe how each of these places, the London Zoo and the Nottingham Castle, are run in terms of operations management, then to identify possible flaws and ways to improve upon their current operational methodology. Though these two places are both tourist attractions, but their appeals are unique to their own. The zoo offers exciting and dynamic interactions with live animals, so it needs to capitalize on the animals it has or through possible new animal acquisitions. The Nottingham Castle on the other hand should cater to what the visitors would be most interested in knowing about the place. To wrap up this report, a comparison between the two locations will be done. Nottingham Castle can trace its history back to 1067; the wooden castle was built by the Conqueror. In 1878, Prince of Wales opened it as a municipal museum and art gallery and it has since become one of the popular scenic spots in Nottingham city. According to Nottingham City Council website, Nottingham Castle is open Tuesday to Sunday from 10am to 4pm. From March to September it opens until 5 in the evening. Although the Castle only provides parking for disabilities, public parking and railway station are all within 10 to 15minutes walk. In order to attract more visitors, Nottingham Castle has a Tuesday free entry plan for the local citizens. Other visitors can purchase tickets from 3 to 5. 5Pounds depending on different types of tickets. There is only one entrance into the Castle, therefore after visitors purchase the tickets; they have admission to any of the places inside Nottingham Castle which includes the indoor facilities: museum, art gallery and outdoor facilities: Victorian bandstand, playground. It can be seen that Nottingham Castle has both the educational and entertainment functions which are suitable for family leisure activity. Figure 1: Nottingham Castle process and layout diagram Source: BBC Local Nottingham Website Nottingham Castle is surrounded by walls, when visitors go into the castle gatehouse they will see a beautiful garden and the castle atop the hill. As can be seen in the Figure 1, Nottingham Castle has tried to arrange a route for visitors. Visitors usually are attracted by the Robin Hood statue just outside the castle before heading to the castle gatehouse to purchase the tickets. Once inside the Castle, visitors can access any facility to their likings and do not necessarily have to follow the route which is suggested by Nottingham Castle. According to BBC Nottingham local website, the route suggested by Nottingham Castle shown as below: Robin Hood Statue Castle Gatehouse Victorian Bandstand Eastern Terrace Guard Room Dungeon 01 Dungeon 02 Long Gallery Castle Roof Soldiers Tunnel Mortimer’s Hole Cannon Position Miller’s Cottage In this case, Nottingham Castle could be classified as process layout. This is because when visitors flow through the operation, they choose a route from facility to facility according to their needs. (Slack et al. , 2004) Nottingham Castle is considered a small Castle. The museum and gallery are all located inside the Castle. The space of the exhibition compare to many other museums is on the smaller side. The Castle Cafe and shop are not very busy during the day. Visitors normally spend one to two hours to see all the facilities. Therefore, the volume of its output is low. Moreover, when visitors go to the gatehouse, the staffs are not only selling tickets but also in charge of the gift shop. Slack et al. (2004) state that when the volume is lower, â€Å"the number of staff will be lower and therefore individual staffs are likely to perform a wider range of tasks† (p. 0) this situation can be observed at Nottingham Castle. It might cause visitors to wait in the long queue, because of the customers who want to buy gift and tickets have to wait at the same counter. Once the visitors are in the Castle, they can access many attractions. For adults, they can enjoy the art and historical display; children can experience the outdoor playground and some indoor displays which are design for kids on ground floor. Furthermore, Nottingham Castle hold different events and tours throughout the year. (Table 1) These information shows that Nottingham Castle provides high variety of services. However, when there is no special event, the outdoor facilities tend to be idle. The function of playground and bandstand will be low. Table 1: Nottingham Castle events and tours Events| Time| Outdoor theatre| June, July and August| Robin Hood Pageant| October| Christmas events including visiting Santa| Christmas| Fireworks| | Historical en-enactments| | Indoor and outdoor activities for families| All year long| Festivals and fairs| | Cave tours| Tuesday – Sunday| Private hire| | During the weekends, holidays and school vacations, the number of visitors will increase. In addition, the castle is closed on Mondays; the number of visitors can fluctuate greatly depending on the time of the year. You read "Operations Management London Zoo and Nottimham Castle Case Study" in category "Free Case study samples" Along with big crowds,variation of demands can arise. It is then crucial for the Nottingham Castle staffs to assist the patrons when necessary. Visitors do not need to spend for a long time to find staffs for assistant. The transforming resources such as: Castle, Museum and gallery are highly visible to the visitors. The second case in this essay is London Zoo. Since it opened in 1828, London Zoo has been one of the most favorite attractions in England. (Watt and Stuart, 1995, p. ) Similar to Nottingham Castle, London Zoo adopt process layout as their operation layout type. Visitors do not have many limitations after they get into the zoo. Once inside the Zoo, not only staff and facilities are transforming resources but so are animals. Therefore, the collection of animals and their well-being is very important for the zoo. The average number of visitors during holidays, weekends and special events tend to be high. The number of visitors can peak at 18,000 people per day compare to 4000 to 6000 people on average. (Watt and Stuart, 1995) Base on these figures, the volume of London Zoo’s output is high. Moreover,London Zoo offers high-variety service. They have grown their animal collections and developed children’s zoo, education centre †¦etc. Additionally, questionnaires are sent out to customers to help them improve their daily operation. Although the volume of London Zoo is high, the Variation of demand is quite high as well. According to Watt and Stuart (1995), daily number of visitors fluctuated dramatically. The lowest and highest visitor numbers are 48 and 18. 000 people. London Zoo is predicted as a high visibility leisure facility. Most of the transforming resources are visible to the visitors. During peak periods, the zoo will hire more temporary stuff to help permanent stuff and thus provides customers a better experience. After carefully examining each facility’s operations management, we can then compare and contrast them side by side. As discussed,the Nottingham Castle and the London Zoo have the same type of operation layout which is process layout. One disadvantage of process layout is customer queuing. (Slack et al. , 2004, p. 217) This issue is present in both of the two cases, especially during peak periods. London Zoo has queue everywhere, even the food in the shop is not up to the demand. Watt and Stuart, 1995) The other problem which appeared in author’s own experience was the clarity of flow in Nottingham Castle was low. Although visitors are free to choose their own route, the signposts in Nottingham Castle appear to be not clear. The unclear signposts sometimes confuse visitors; causing visitors to be unsure whether they have been to the all th e facilities on each floor. This problem match another possible disadvantage of process layout which is complex flow could be difficult to control. These two disadvantages both affect visitor’s experiences adversely. As we know customers’ satisfaction is crucial to any business sustainability and credibility. Therefore, improvement should be taken to upgrade their service quality. Refer to the difference between the four Vs in each facility. (Figure 2) Due to the size of the facility, London Zoo tends to have higher volume and variety to their outputs. Furthermore, London Zoo shows higher degree of visibility than Nottingham Castle. This is not only about contacts with the staff, but also higher visibility of the transforming resources to visitors. For instance, sometimes, visitors could have the chance to see workers feeding the animals. Hence,there is more interaction between transformed and transforming resources in London Zoo. Figure 2: Nottingham Castle and London Zoo Four Vs One common issue between both facilities is high variation in demand. This could lead to unstable financial statements and high unit costs. (Slack et al. , 2004) For leisure facilities, not surprisingly, the number of visitors varies from period to period. For example, during the summer vacation or school holidays, more families are willing to visit leisure facilities. The number of visitors will also get a boost when there are special events. This kind of unpredictable situation has a great impact on both places, especially the London Zoo. â€Å"On the Easter and August Bank holidays we can easily reach 10,000 people. † (Watt and Stuart, 1995, p. 8) Having a huge number of visitors in a day might be a good thing on short term profits. However, fluctuation of visitors can be a challenging obstacle to formulate a long term plan for due to the uncertain demands between peak and down times without sacrificing the quality of product. The shortage of stuff and products can lower the service quality which directly affects its reputation. As London Zoo’s director Jo Gipps said: (Watt and Stuart, 1995, p. 12) â€Å"They (visitors) will spread their dissatisfaction or disappointment by ‘word-of-mouth’. The consequence will be that visitors will not return, and new visitors will not be attracted† Since London Zoo is a bigger facility than Nottingham Castle, the temporary shortage on staff and products in busy months should have more impacts on its overall customers’ experiences. Thus, having a plan to cope with the short term increasing demands is even more vital for the Zoo to include in its operations management. This essay described Nottingham Castle and London Zoo in terms of operations management. After identifying each of facilities’ characteristic, it can be found that the basic layout adopted by both is process layout. Since visitors are free to move inside the zoo and the castle, the layouts of facilities need to maximize the traffic flow and put down well indicated signs for the visitors. The appropriate management of the traffic flow and the demands that are associated with a big crowd of people is a major mission for both the Nottingham Castle and the London Zoo. To some extent, Nottingham Castle and London Zoo have many similarities. Continual developments are the keys to attract more visitors to both places. However, due to the size of the facility and the nature of services provided, London Zoo has a more complex and dynamic operation process. In order to be competitive among today’s competitive leisurely activities choices, The Zoo needs to constantly reinvent itself with new acquisition of animals, interesting promotions to keep its spot light in potential customers’ minds. Therefore, the important resource for the Zoo is new capital which can help it explore new developments. On the other hand, the Nottingham Castle is a historic museum. The beauty of the Castle is its originality. There is simply not enough room nor need for new developments, but what the Castle would need is better representations of the history and stories of the Castle. And these improvements should be implemented on the guided tours, and better trained staff members. This is obviously not a single way to manage both of these multifaceted leisure facilities. Each case is unique of its own and should require careful considerations before implementing changes that suite its best interest. How to cite Operations Management London Zoo and Nottimham Castle Case Study, Free Case study samples

Qualitative Research Interview

Question: Describe about the Article for Qualitative Research for Interview. Answer: One of the most efficient methods of qualitative research is interview. It allows the researcher to gather in-depth qualitative information about the research participants through direct interaction. A qualitative research approach is needed for research to be conducted on Saudi education. It is because the researcher has the option to interact with extensive range of participants. The key research tool in semi-structured interviews is the researcher himself. He facilitates the interviewees to narrate their stories and experiences through the development of his questions and responsiveness to them. It is of utter importance to interact with persons working on improving the education system and providing education to understand the real impact of westernisation on Saudi education. To have a better understanding of the attitudes, views and feelings of the participants the researchers must collect qualitative data from numerous sources which can be analysed properly. It is useful for research to use the experience of the policy makers as they are capable of providing valuable insights into their practices and knowledge. Semi-structured interviews are helpful in two ways. First, it helps in accepting the outlook of the respondants. Second the researcher may also acquire useful data about the participants perceptions (Silverman, 2013). The researcher can gather more information from face-to-face interviews. The participants may also express their attitudes and opinions from a policy makers perspective how he ideas of the west can affect the Saudi education. Researchers should gain the insight of the teachers and head teachers of schools by conducting face-to-face semi-structured interviews. This is necessary because it is the teachers and head teachers who are responsible to adopting as well as implementing the western ideas. The important information that can be collected from the research participants by the researcher may prove to be useful in adding to the findings of the research (Silverman, 2013).The person researching will be in a better place to conduct the research effectively as he is in a situation to understand the observation of the research respondents. The researcher will be more thoughtful about the research regarding the ethical issues. As the setting of the research is the Saudi Arabia, the initial draft of interview questions are prepared in English and then translated into Arabic. There are several types of translations as suggested by Maxwell (2012). They are: back translation, multiple-forward translation, statistical review and translation review done by bilingual judges. Brislin (1970) opined that back translation is an effective process off translation in cross-cultural translations and it was used for translating the English question to Arabic in this research. This method has been adopted by Al-Harbi (2007) and most of the Arabic researcher for their PhD studies. The process of back translation as explained by Brislin (1970) has four steps: (a) translation of the original script into target language; (b) check the grammar of the target transcript; (c) translating back to the original language to check it against it; and (d) pre-testing the translation before final application. The translation procedure sta rts with the selection of the appropriate characteristics that require translation. Maxwell (2012) said this process requires superior level of knowledge in both the original (English) and target language, proper cultural understanding of the target language and sound skills in developing interview questions. For this research, four bilingual individuals who have experience in translating research questions and expertise in English-Arabic translation were employed. The task of reassessing the researchers conversion of the survey questions from original to target language was assigned to the first expert as he specialised in English-Arabic translation. The outcome of this assessment was handed over to the second expert for checking the grammar and soundness of the translation. The other two experts back translated the transcript into the original language. They also check it against the initial transcript. The outcome of the conversion was thorough and the meanings of the questions w ere compatible to each other in both English and Arabic. During the interviews, several notes were taken. At the end of the interview the participants were asked about any ambiguity, comments and criticisms about the questions. Such expressions of the pilot participants were useful in improving the questions further. It also helped in structuring the interview more logically for the main study. I got an opportunity to perform and carry out the semi structured interview techniques from the feedback. There is possibility of distortion or loss of data because of nonexistence non-verbal and visual cues (Cohen et al., 2013). The advantages are: The geographical distance between the participants and the researcher at times prevents face-to-face interviews due to shortage of time (Anderson and Arsenault, 1998). Feelings of embarrassment are reduced (Cohen et al., 2013) and honesty is encouraged (Anderson and Arsenault, 1998) in absence of face to face contact while asking sensitive or difficult questions. Interviewing teachers, head teachers and policy makers in the comfort of their own homes diminished the possibilities of interruption and thus, they could reflect better on the questions asked.

Faith and Evolution free essay sample

Erik Easler Professor Pelphrey Writing Seminar October 27, 2011 Faith and Evolution In the Catholic Christian religion, the essential belief is that Jesus of Nazareth was the son of god God who was born of the Virgin Mary, became man, and died on the cross for all of man kinds sins. However, many people who are catholic Vatholic believe that God created the Earth six thousands of years ago, a belief referred to as creationism. One particular group of Catholics Christans called Baptists, do not question the authority of the bible Bible and believe it word for word, and this is here I tend to disagree. I was born and raised a catholicCatholic, and I still believe with all my heart and soul that Jesus was in fact the son of god God and do my best to follow the morals taught in the good book. When it comes to what I believe in terms of how the Earth was made created though, the theory of evolution seems to make a lot more sense to me. With all the logical points that it makes, I feel believe like it has more truth to it than the theory of creationism, ; after all, it was not god God who wrote the bibleBible. Essentially, I believe that you can continue to have aith for Jesus, God, and the morality of the bible without believing that every last word is one hundred percent accurate. In other words, I believe it is possible for a Catholic to still be faithful even if they also think that Darwins theory is true. The theory of evolution was started by a man named Charles Darwin. Darwin was born on February 12th of 1809 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. He was born into a wealthy family that had many connections. His maternal grandfather was china manufacturer Josiah Wedgwood, while his paternal grandfather was Erasmus Darwin, who appened to be one of the leading intellectuals of 18th century England. Darwins initial plan was to pursue a medical career at Edinburgh University, but later switched to divinity at Cambridge. In 1831, Darwin Joined a voyage on the survey ship HMS Beagle. During this time period, almost all Europeans believed in the creationism belief that the world was created by God in seven days as described in the bibleBible. On this voyage, Darwin read a book called Principles of Geology which suggested that the fossils found in rocks were actually evidence of animals that had lived many thousands or millions of years ago. Lyells argument was reinforced in Darwins own mind by the wide variety of animal life and the many geological features he saw during this trip. The breakthrough in Darwins ideas came on the Galapagos Islands, which is about 500 miles west of the continent of South America. While on these islands, Darwin observed that each island had its own form of finch, all of which were closely related but differed in important ways. This sparked many new ideas in Darwins mind that eventually lead him to coming up with a theory that would change the way we think about things. When Darwin ventually got back to England in 1836, he worked endlessly trying to use his observations he had made to put the pieces of the puzzle together to discover how species evolved. Intluenced by the works ot a man named Malthus, Darwin proposed his theory of evolution through a process called natural selection. Natural selection basically Just means that animals and plants best suited to their environment are the most likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the characteristics which helped them survive to their offspring. Through this, new species develop over time. Darwin worked on this for about twenty years and made a Joint announcement with another naturalist named Alfred Wallace who had similar ideas about their discovery in 1858. A year later, Darwin published the book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. This book at the time was extremely controversial, because it suggested that man had evolved from another animal such as an ape. Darwin was criticized by many people, especially by the church, because his theory had destroyed the prevailing orthodoxy on how the world was created. However, Darwins ideas later gained currency and have become the modern day orthodoxy. Even after his death on April 19th of 1882, today his ideas are proving to be very accurate. Many Catholics Christisns today still believe in the methods of creationism, but those that believe in creationism, even if they know about evolution, continue to believe otherwise because they believe it is a test of their faith from God. As a Catholic myself, I can fully understanding being respectful to God because I do my best every day to give him thanks for what I have almost every day in some way, shape, or form. However, in the commandment Thou shall not lie I am not perfect in this regard, but I follow it the best I possibly can. Through it I am always looking to seek the truth, and while ignorance itself is not lying, it can still mislead in a similar way. For example, back in the renaissance days of scientific oppression, many other great minds of the time, in the same way that Darwin was in his time, were attacked by the church for going against the Catholic belief even though they had solid proof through their experiments. Galileo for example was attacked by the church for believing that our solar system was actually heliocentric, instead of believing the common belief that everything revolved around the world. Despite the fact that Galileo had proof of this through many experiments, the church refused to open itself up to the new ideas all because one of the biblical authors thought that everything revolved around the Earth. For these men who were ahead of their time, it was never a matter of disproving the church; it was a matter of proving what is true. Perhaps if more Catholics learned to be less adamant and more open about beliefs, than I think it is quite possible that if we had been more open back then to different ideas, we could be in a far more advanced technological world today. Along with not being very pen about new views, the church along with its creationist believers also seems to ignore the facts that back up Darwins theory. Five of the most essential of these points include the universal genetic code, the fossil record, genetic commonalities, common traits in embryos, and bacterial resistance to antibiotics. While there are many other strong points that also back up the Theory of Evolution, these five sum up most of the previously stated definition of the theory. Be sure to introduce who came up with this proof and what it entails. Essentially, you should come to terms with it. According to the universal genetic code All cells on Earth, from white blood cells to simple bacteria, all have a genetic code that can be determined (5 proofs). This seems to suggest that if all life has a genetic code that has a composition that can be determined, then perhaps all ot lite did in tact descend trom common ancestry. Since Darwins theory suggests that all life came from a common ancestor, this point backs up what Darwin was trying to say quite nicely. Along with the universal genetic code, one must also consider the fossil record. This record states that the simplest fossils will be found in the oldest rocks. There is also a smooth and gradual transition from one form of life to another (5 proofs). This suggests that since the simplest forms of life were found in the oldest rocks, then these simple forms of life must have been the first forms of life which adapted to their surroundings over time. This point along with the last one also does an exceptional Job of giving the Theory of Evolution some reinforcement. To continue off of what the fossil record was stating one also should consider genetic commonalities. Genetic commonalities consider that Human beings have approximately 96% of genes in common with chimpanzees, about 90% of enes in common with cats, 80% with cows, 75% with mice, and so on (5 proofs). While this does not necessarily prove that we descended from chimps, it definitely seems to suggest that the species listed all had some sort of common ancestor before they naturally developed into what they are today. This points further backs up Darwins idea that all life came from a common ancestor. To extend off of the topic of genetic commonalties, one must also consider some of the common traits that are found in embryos. Common traits that are found suggest that Humans, dogs, snakes, fish, monkeys, etc. re all considered chordates because they belong to the phylum Chordata. One of the features of this phylum is that, as embryos, all these life forms have gill slits, tails, and specific anatomical structures involving the spine. For humans in particular, the gill slits reform into the bones of the ear and Jaw at a later stage in development (5 proofs). All this says is that initially, all chordate embryos seem to strongly resemble each other. Pigs for example, which also come from the phylum Chordata, are often dissected in many biology classes due to how similar their embryos are to humans. What this also seems to infer is that these common characteristics could only be possible if all members of the Chordata phylum came from a common ancestor, which again reinforces Darwins idea. Finally, the last of these five essential points is that one has to consider how bacteria over time build up resistances to antibiotics. According to this point Bacteria colonies can only build up a resistance to antibiotics through evolution. In every colony of bacteria, there are a tiny few individuals which are naturally resistant to certain antibiotics. This is due to the random nature of mutations (5 points). When an antibiotic is applied, the initial inoculation kills most of the bacteria, and leaves behind only a few cells which happen to have the mutations necessary to resist the antibiotics. When these bacteria reproduce, they pass down their mutations characteristics and these future generations become resistant to the specific antibiotic. This specific example is probably one of the best because it is essentially what natural selection is, which a big part of Darwins theory is. All the bacteria that can survive this do and pass down their genes, and whatever else dies out. With ll of this in mind it is also important to consider some of the points that creationism makes so that one does not appear close minded to evolution either. Creationism is one of the oldest and most believed theories in the world. Generally speaking, it is the belief that God created the world in seven days. The greatest argument that creationists nave to otter is that all t li e seems designed, and scientists come to terms with why that is. For example, the trees and plants provide oxygen for animals and people, the animals and people provide the carbon dioxide for the trees and plants. Another good point they make is that the minds of people are all different from one another. For example, Just because man is all the same race, that does not mean we all think the same way. The creationists explanation for this is that it is all due to Gods divine intervention. In conclusion, I believe that evolution is the most logical explanation for how life came to be despite some of the good points that creationists make. As a catholic, I feel that I have the free will to believe this because nothing in the Ten Commandments or and golden rule states that the bible is one hundred ercent accurate.